Conditional Statement


If Else Statement

The if else statement is used to carry out a logical test and then take one of two possible actions, depending on the outcome of the test  whether the condition is true or false).
The else portion of the if else statement is optional. Thus in its simplest general form, the statement can be written as
if  (expression) statement;

The expression must be placed in the parenthesis.  In this form the statement will be executed only if the expression has a nonzero value.
The general form of an if statement which include the else clause is
if (expression
statement1  
else 
statement2


 


Example


// A program to find the large number.



int main()

{
int a=6, b=5,large;

if(a>b)

large=a;

else

large=b;

cout<<large;

}



The Switch Statement:

The switch statement gives us an option to choose particular group of statements  from several available groups. The selection is based upon the current value of an expression, which is included within the switch statement.



The general form of the switch statement is

switch ( expression )
{
case 1: statements;
case 2: statements;
default:
}

Where expression results in an integer value. Note that expression may also be of type char, since individual characters have equivalent integer values.

Example:


int main()
{
int a=5,b=6,c,d;
char c;
cin>>c;
switch(c)
{
    case '1': 
 d=a+b;
    cout<<"a+b= "<<d;
    break;
    case '2': 
d=a-b;  
    cout<<"a-b= "<<d ;
    break;
    case '3':
d=a*b;
    cout<<"a*b= "<<d ;
    break;
    case '4':
d=a/b;
    cout<<"a/b= "<<d;
    break;
    default:
    cout<<("Unknown Choice");
}
    getch();
    return 0;
}



Each group is ended with break statement. The break statement causes control to be transferred out of the switch statement,